Add water cooling to your PC

Add water Cooling to your PC

Water cooling kits were always considered to be components of enthusiast machines. Now water-cool your own PC! 

With the performance levels of the core components increasing, keeping the heat levels under control has always been a challenge. While gaming or carrying out demanding tasks, the CPU heat sink fan and case fans fail to do their job well. The end results are excessive temperature levels within the case, and component failures due to overheating. This is where water cooling comes into the picture.

Water cooling kits may sound intimidating due to the premium you have to pay to own one, and the precision required in installing it. However, if you are an avid gamer or a power user, then it is the perfect solution for you. Not only does a water-cooler make your case look funky, but it also reduces the noise level significantly due to the absence of fans. With the arrival of Nvidia’s Enthusiast System Architecture (ESA), hardware which comply to the norms can be monitored in real-time by just installing the nForce System Tools package. So, if your PC case, motherboard and water-cooling kit are ESA-compliant, you can overclock your CPU and GPU, monitor temperature levels, control the fan speed of the CPU and graphics card, control the radiator of the water-cooler, and do much more. You can even control the speed of the water cooler’s pump and monitor the amount of coolant in the pump. We sourced an ESA-compliant case (Cosmos 1000) and water cooling kit (Aquagate Max) from Cooler Master, and an nForce 780i Ultra motherboard from Zotac. Here’s how we put all of them together and built a water-cooled rig.

Step 1: The water cooling kit comprises of a CPU water block, mounting brackets for Intel and AMD CPUs, radiator, water reservoir with pump, temperature sensors, thermal grease, coolant, water tubing, screws, and USB cable for interfacing the reservoir with the motherboard.

Step 2: If you’re assembling a new PC don’t fit the motherboard into the case. You'll need to remove it from the case if you want to add the kit to an existing PC.

Install the CPU and spread some thermal grease on it's surface.

Step 3: If your motherboard supports Intel processors, turn it over and fit the back plate behind the CPU socket. Holding the back plate, turn the motherboard back over and fasten the CPU block with screws. Use the bundled socket 939/AM2 clips for AMD processors.

Step 4: Now fit the radiator on top of the inner side of the PC case or wherever there is a provision. Some gaming cases even have a provision on the side panel. Fasten the radiator with eight screws that are provided in the tool kit.

Step 5: Refer to the manual and cut the water tubing into the indicated lengths. Now connect the water reservoir, radiator and CPU block with the tubing.

STEP 6: The back of the water-pump has inputs for power, two radiator fans, five sensors, USB and the inlet and outlet nozzles. Make sure all the wires are plugged in correctly. The USB cable supplied with the kit will go to the USB header on the motherboard. The two sensors should be installed at slots 1 and 2, the other 3 slots being reserve in case you decide to water cool your GPU as well.

STEP 7: Pull the water-pump out just enough to reveal the coolant inlet. The provided coolant is concentrated, dilute it with water in the ratio of 1:3 and pour it into the pump until it is full.

STEP 8: This is how the setup should look like. Make sure that the pipes do not fold, as  this can disrupt the flow of coolant. Once you power on the machine you will notice that the coolant level in the pump drops immediately. Once the flow is steady, shut the machine down and fill up the pump with the leftover coolant.

STEP 9: Lo and behold! The Aquagate Max truly transforms an ordinary looking cabinet into a mean machine. The Green LED fans accentuate the look of the coolant in the pipes and the water pump in the front makes the rig look hot as hell!

STEP 10: You can extend the water-cooling to your graphics card as well. The Cooler Master Glacier 9200 is a GPU water-cooling kit custom made for the GeForce 8800 GT and GTS 512 MB. 

thanks to-

www.chip.in

Make a CAT5 Intercom

Make a CAT5 Intercom

It has been over a century and a half since Alexander Graham Bell whispered the words ‘Mary had a little lamb’ and changed the way mankind communicated. Modern life is unimaginable without a telephonic device—be it a sophisticated cell phone or an archaic pulse dial telephone still in use in certain parts of India. If you have gone fully digital, don’t thrown out your land line instruments in a hurry. This workshop will help you make a functional small distance intercom device.

 

A straightforward way to build a simple intercom at home is to use two old land line telephone handsets, run a wire between them and apply some power. An improvised circuit can include a buzzer at both ends, so that the person at the other end can be alerted to pick up the phone. First of all, you need to decide which rooms you will install the intercom. Then you need to collect all the materials listed on this page before getting down to work.

There are different ways to power the circuit. The first is to simply use a 9V battery. However, the downside to this option is that battery will drain out in no time leaving the intercom connection dead. Alternatively, you can power the circuit using any good pure 12 V DC power adapter. Any laptop’s idle or unused power adapter is the best choice. Don’t worry if the voltage level isn’t exactly 9 V—anything with an output voltage below 24 V will do the job. Note that the intercom needs to be powered at one end of the circuit only.

 

The scenario for which we designed and built this intercom included two rooms having computers connected over a network CAT5 cross-cable. Since a network cable consists of four pairs of wires, of which only two pairs are used by the network adapter, the other two unused pairs were perfect for our purpose. We only require four wires for the intercom to function, so if you don’t already have a network cable connecting computers between floors or rooms, you can use any ordinary telephone cable with four cores or two pair wires.

Construction

If you plan on using an existing network cable, (like in our workshop), note that pins one, two, three, and six (from the RJ45 connector) are used by the network adapter while the rest are just not needed. Check which wires are used in your cable. In our case it turned out to be the orange and orange-white, green and green-white. Using a wire cutter, we need to cut and separate out the remaining four wires. We shall now be using these four wires for our workshop. Now simply cut the sleeve of the CAT5 cable carefully and dig out the unused wires, then cut them carefully. The other wires can continue to be connected to the RJ45 connector, and be used for the existing network.

 

Now that the wires are ready to be used for the workshop, twist the ends so that you have pointed tips. Refer to the circuit diagram above and connect all the elements—the switches, buzzers and RJ11 jacks. Finally, hook up the telephone’s cord to the RJ11 jack and power up the circuit with the battery. Now, your intercom device is all ready to be used.

Testing

Press any one switch to check if the buzzer beeps at both ends to confirm whether the ringer is functioning. Next, pick up the handsets at both ends, start a conversation with the person at the other end of the line to confirm the working of the intercom circuit. And Voila! the intercom is ready.

 

 

If the intercom doesn’t seem to be working properly, refer to the circuit diagram and find the fault to ensure that the connections of the circuit are correct. This short workshop described a method to install an intercom device in your home. To improve on this, you can design your own complicated array of switches in a more efficient manner by connecting more wires and handsets to make a larger intercom.

thanks to-

www.chip.in

Assembling a PC

Assembling a PC

When buying a new PC, everyone is faced with the choice between a branded and an assembled one. Those who don’t want to go through the daunting task of shopping for components and assembling the PC themselves, often choose an easy way out by opting for a branded PC. There are very few adventurous ones who upgrade or build their own PC.

There are more drawbacks than advantages in buying a branded pre-built or a customized PC. No doubt that you won’t have to worry about maintenance. However, you’ll be stranded if the company technician doesn’t turn up on time. Also, you cannot tinker with the hardware or resort to your tech-savvy friends or some technician in case of emergencies. Finally, service and upgrades are heavy on the pocket. With an assembled PC, the biggest advantage is that you can pick the components of your choice to suit your budget and requirements. Unlike branded PCs, you have the freedom to troubleshoot problems and upgrade hardware yourself as and when you like—and that too without paying any service fee.

So how about assembling your own PC? Sounds interesting, doesn’t it? Even if you’re a first timer, you’ll still be able to assemble a PC unerringly by reading this lucid step-by-step guide. This guide can not only be used to build a new PC but also be referred to if you are planning to upgrade a few components such as the processor, memory or graphics card. With regards to choosing the components, you can refer to the PC Configs in the Hardware section of the magazine.

Finally, this guide assumes that you know how to install the operating system. If you don’t know, you can seek the help of a technician or a friend who is willing to spend a couple of hours installing the operating system.

Are you ready for the ride? So roll up your sleeves, grab a screwdriver and let’s get started!

The ingredientsJust like you need certain ingredients to prepare a dish, you need the following components to build a PC—processor, motherboard, memory (RAM) modules, graphics card, optical drive, PC case, power supply unit, monitor, speakers, mouse, and keyboard. Also, note that you need a graphics card only if your motherboard doesn’t have integrated graphics or if you’re a gamer. Likewise, you need a power supply unit only if your PC case doesn’t come fitted with one. Most entry-level PC cases come fitted with a power supply unit. However, such power supply units are only suitable for entry-level PCs. Therefore we would suggest you invest in a good power supply unit if you want to build a powerful PC. Lastly, you also need a Philips screwdriver and some cable ties.

Preparing for take offOn unpacking the PC case, you will come across a packet that contains screws and mounting nuts. Empty the contents in a small tray. If the bundled power supply unit didn’t come fitted to the PC case, keep it aside. To begin with, unpack the motherboard to find a back plate. This plate is meant for covering the rear panel of the motherboard except the essential ports and connectors so that dust doesn’t creep into the case. The back plate should fit into the slot provided on the rear panel of the case. If you find that the slot is sealed by a metal plate, then you need to extract it using a pair of pliers. While you are fitting the back plate, you must ensure that the openings correspond to the ports and connectors on the motherboard’s rear panel. This is very important because none of the essential ports and connectors should be blocked by the back plate.

Installing the motherboardIn order to fit the motherboard into the case, you first have to fit mounting nuts in the holes provided on the case’s motherboard panel. While you are placing the motherboard on the motherboard panel aligned to the back plate you just fitted, note the spots where you need to fit mounting nuts. You can locate these easily by looking through the screw holes that are provided on the motherboard. After fastening the mounting nuts with a pair of pliers, fit the motherboard into the case using screws that match the screw threading on top of the mounting nuts—note that using wrong screws may result in the screws jamming into the mounting nut. Completely tightening the screws might result in unwanted stress by the graphics card or other add-on cards. Therefore, do not tighten the screws completely. Also, ensure that the screws are used in the right places.

 

Install the processor
Depending on which processor you have purchased, follow the relevant step: INTEL PROCESSORS: You have to release the lever of the CPU socket and then lift the socket cover that opens up from the opposite side. You will find a golden triangle on one of the top corners of the processor. Align the triangle with a similar golden triangle on the CPU socket and then fit the processor into the socket. Now, close the socket cover and fasten it with the lever. Note that you will find the lever is offering some resistance now.
AMD PROCESSORS: With AMD processors, you have to release the lever of the CPU socket. You will find a golden triangle on one of the top corners of the processor. Align the triangle with a similar golden triangle on the CPU socket and then fit the processor into the socket. The processor should gently slide into the socket. Push down the lever into its place.

Install the CPU coolerIf you have purchased an AMD processor, fitting the CPU cooler will be a cakewalk for you. You simply have to place it on the processor with the lever towards the center of the motherboard. Then fit the clips and carefully push the lever down. Finally, you have to connect the fan connector to the CPU fan header on the motherboard.
Fitting an Intel CPU cooler is a tricky affair. Place the CPU cooler on the processor with the fasteners on the corners aligned to the holes surrounding the CPU socket. Push down each fastener while holding the CPU cooler in place. You should hear a click when the fasteners clamp to the motherboard. After ensuring that the fasteners are in place, connect the fan to the motherboard’s CPU fan header. The CPU fan header is usually labelled and placed quite close to the CPU socket.

Install the optical drive
To install an optical drive, you will have to first remove the 5.25-inch bay cover where you wish to fit the optical drive from the front of the PC case. There is chance that you will find a metal plate behind the bay cover. You will have to remove that cover also. Now, insert the optical drive from the front and push it back until the front panel of the drive is in level with the front surface of the case. Fasten the drive with screws from both sides to keep it stable. You can follow the same steps to fit an additional optical drive or a floppy drive or a 3.5-inch internal card reader. Note that 3.5-inch drives, such as the floppy drive fit in the exposed 3.5-inch bays. To finish the installation, you have to connect the drives to the motherboard with the bundled IDE and floppy drive cables. If you have two optical drives fit them in alternate bays in order to ensure proper air circulation within the case.

Install the hard driveYou have to be careful while handling hard drives because they are delicate and could be easily damaged. Therefore, make sure that they don’t receive any shocks during installation. To ensure its safety, hold the hard drive with the circuitry facing down and gently slide it into the lowermost concealed 3.5-inch bay. Note that you don’t open a cover and push the hard disk inside, but you fix it inside the case itself. Hard drives are delicate, so ensure that you don’t jerk it too hard while sliding it into the bay. Fasten it with screws on both the sides to prevent imbalance and hold it firmly in place. Note that screws used for fastening hard drives and optical drives are different—screws meant for hard drives are thicker than those meant for optical drives and floppy drives. Now connect one end of the SATA/IDE cable to a port behind the drive and the other end to the SATA/IDE port on the motherboard

Install the memory
Because most motherboards (Intel and AMD-based) support DDR2 memory, there’s only one way to install memory modules. If you closely observe the side on which contacts are present, you will notice a cut that divides that side into two different lengths. The memory slot is designed accordingly. Hence, memory modules fit into the slots only in one direction. To install the memory module, first release the plastic levers, align the memory module to the slot, and push it down gently until the levers click and lock the module. If you have two similar memory modules, install them in similar-colored slots so that they run in dual-channel. Some motherboards (especially the ones by MSI) support dual-channel in odd-colored slots—refer to the motherboard’s manual for confirmation. Installing memory modules shouldn’t be a tough task as the method is quite straightforward.

Install the add-on cards
There are plenty of add-on cards available in the market for extending the versatility of the PC. These add-on cards include graphics cards, LAN cards, sound cards, TV tuner cards, Wi-Fi PCI cards and so on. If you have any of these cards, install them now. First, break open the slot cover on the rear panel of the case covering the slot that will be occupied by the card. Next, slide the card into the appropriate slot by gently rocking it back and forth so as to ease it into the slot. After fitting the card into the slot, fasten it with a screw to hold it in place. After you have fitted all the cards, tighten all the screws holding the motherboard which were left loose (While fitting the motherboard, screws were not tightened completely. If you are in doubt, refer to step three where fitting the motherboard is explained).

Front panel header and front USB headersFor the power and reset buttons, internal beeper, and the power and hard drive activity lights to function, you will need to connect the respective connectors within the case to the front panel header on the motherboard. To connect the labeled connectors to the right pins, you will have to refer to the page in the motherboard manual which explains the layout of the pins in the front panel header. In similar fashion, you will have to refer to the motherboard manual also to locate the front USB headers and connect the front USB connector or wires. If your PC case has audio jacks on the front panel, you can enable it by connecting its wires to the front panel audio header on the motherboard. WARNING: Don’t try out any connection without referring to the motherboard manual. Read the manual carefully as you could damage the motherboard beyond repair due to wrong connections.

Install the PSU and plug in the power connectors
If the power supply didn’t come installed within the case or you’ve purchased it separately, install it in the bay at the top rear corner of the case. When done, connect the power connectors in the following order—20/24-pin main, 4/8-pin 12 v, graphics card, optical drive, floppy disk drive, hard drive, and case fans. Plugging in the power connectors should not be a problem as they fit only in one direction. When done, tie up all the excess and loosely hanging power cables with cable ties. This will facilitate air circulation within the case and prevent excessive heat building up within the case. Proper air circulation and cooling of PC components is very important because overheating can potentially damage critical components such as the processor, memory, and the graphics cards. That completes the main assembly. Now, close the case and get ready for action!

Connect the rest
Now all that remains is connecting the outer peripherals. Depending on the interface of the keyboard and mouse (PS/2 or USB), plug them into the relevant ports on the motherboard’s rear panel. Connect the monitor’s video cable to the D-sub/DVI port on the graphics card or motherboard (in the case of integrated graphics). Connect the speakers/headset and the microphone to the audio jacks on the rear panel of the motherboard or the sound card. Finally, connect the power cables to the power supply unit, monitor, and other peripherals such as the printer. Power up the machine, install the operating system, device drivers, and the desired applications (If you have no idea about installing the operating system, seek the help of technician or a friend), and voila!. You’re ready to go!

thanks to-

www.chip.in

Make LightScribe labels

Make LightScribe labels

It’s a technology that let’s you print images, clipart, text and much more on LightScribe optical media such as CD-R, DVD+R and DVD-R. Let’s begin with some insight on the technology and then we shall move on to see how you can use it in different scenarios.

How it works
Step 1: The optical drive is equipped with a special kind of laser that causes a chemical reaction with the ink on the surface of the media. Hence you will need a special drive that supports the LightScribe technology.

Step 2: On the top side (label) of a LightScribe disc, there is a micro-thin coating made up of specialized ink that gets etched due to the chemical reaction eventually resulting into an image.

Step 3: LightScribe drives require a software interface, like every other hardware does. You can download the relevant software from the website—www.lightscribe.com. You can also find the software on the CHIP DVD.

MethodBy now you have a fair idea of how the LightScribe technology functions. Now we shall move on to see how to use it in various application areas.

Step 1: After installing the software you can choose different templates from various application areas. Also, there are a number of categories of templates to choose from. You can also download these templates from the website. Some of the templates are available on the CHIP DVD.

Step 2: You can choose a template without a background and simply click in the center of the template to add a picture. After adding the picture, you can also add text to support the graphics.

Step 3: LightScribe media is available in various colored surfaces—we used  golden colored media. Since the media surface contains colored ink, a low-contrast image turns out to be pretty light, hence, higher the contrast of the image, the better the print. Here’s a tip, go to the LightScribe ‘Control Panel’ and modify the contrast settings. After doing so, the time taken for printing would increase by around 45 percent, but the results will be worth the wait. Better yet, use an image editing software and manually increase the contrast levels.
You can also convert the image to grayscale to get a better result, but the picture might turn out a little grainy.

Step 4: The third screen (from top) displayed on the right is a sample bitmap file. It is a ready-to-print image (on CHIP DVD). Once printed on the media, simply make monthly backups and put a tick mark on top of the label for the pertaining month (make sure you use a standard felt tip permanent marker used for optical media). Another file is provided which can be used for daily backups.

       

Step 5: Currently, LightScribe only prints in black. When printing pictures; another good option would be to convert the picture to grayscale. Increase the contrast and sharpen it by around 10-20 percent.

Step 6: If you have multiple movies in DIVX format on a DVD, you can also make an index of those movies using the covers. Use an image editing software to compile the covers into a single bitmap or JPEG image and follow step 2 onwards.

 

Tips: When using the LightScribe System Software, it is recommended to use the latest version (on CHIP DVD). If you use any other software for burning CDs and DVDs, then you can simply download the LightScribe plug-in from the website. For further know-how, you can find tips, templates, trouble shooting Q&A, and a lot more information on the LightScribe website.

thanks to-

www.chip.in

Setup website at home

 Setup website at Home

Wouldn’t it be nice if you could have your PC at home function like a Web or FTP server? You would be able to share your personal web pages and files with your friends, and what’s more, you could do it all for free. All you need is some free web and FTP server software, and a broadband Internet connection with a live IP address.

You don’t actually require a DNS name service to run a website or FTP server. A DNS is just a service (it’s not free) which matches the name of your website (such as www.yourname.com) to its live IP address. So others who need to log on to your website don’t have to remember the IP address, but just the name. Similarly, instead of going through the headache of registering a name against the IP address and spending money for no actual reason, just host your own Web server at home using your desktop computer and some freeware. All you have to then do is spread the news around that you have your own website and distribute the IP address link using email or a chat service. For example, if you would like to host your website and want others to access it, just ask them to type the address (actually the IP address) directly into their web browsers’ address bar (for instance, ‘http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx’, where ‘xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx’ is your machine’s live IP address. It can be accessed from anywhere around the world.)

The same procedure will work for the FTP server too. MTNL broadband in Mumbai and Delhi offers a live IP address with their broadband Internet service for as little as Rs 1,000 per year. Other Internet service providers such as Hathway, Reliance, Sify, etc also offer the service at different rates. So take advantage of this live IP service, create your personal website and host it from your very own computer at home. The only possible drawback is that if you need your website to be accessible 24x7, you need to keep your computer switched on 24x7.

Let’s now proceed to what you will need to do to build this server and how to get it working. What you need for this workshop is a high-speed broadband connection with a live IP address and any old computer. We are going to use software that can run on Windows XP or 9x, but with similar software you can use Linux too. Let’s start with the basics. You need an HTTP server (web server) program to host your website and an FTP server program for sharing your files if you need to. We have used Abyss Web Server X1 (version 2.5) and Xlight FTP Server (version 2.835) for this workshop.

 

Web server

Installation: To begin with, download Abyss Web Server X1 for free fromhttp://www.aprelium.com/abyssws/download.php, or find it on the CHIP DVD this month. Install the server software and choose the way you want to let it launch when Windows starts up. You can find Abyss Web Server for other operating systems such as Mac OS X, Linux and FreeBSD on the same website. After the installation is done, you will immediately be asked to choose the language of your choice in your web browser for the configuration procedures. Choose English, then on the next page, enter your choice of user name and password for administrator login. This password will be required for making necessary changes to your server. The configuration page then starts up and you can tweak your server accordingly.
At this point, your web server is actually fully functional and running in the background. To access it, all you have to do is load your Internet browser and type the URL ‘http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx’ and press [Enter] (where xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx is the IP address of your machine). The default web page of the Abyss Web server will appear stating that it is working and you can now change the web page of your server. Create your own web page using software like like Adobe Dreamweaver (which is commercial), or free software such as Weborama, ASPMaker or Hapedit.

Then simply copy the needed files to the folder ‘C:Abyss Web Serverhtdocs’, which is the Web server’s document path. Your opening web page must be named either ‘index.htm’, ‘index.html’ or ‘default.aspx’. You can even change the order in which the server looks for these default files from the configuration page under ‘Index Files’. You can even use the same configuration page to add other types of files that you have created. The settings are now done, and your server is ready to host your very own website.

Configuring your server: Abyss is quite a simple application to use. Right click on the Abyss Web Server icon in the system tray, click on ‘Show Console’, and feed in the user name and password that you entered during installation. This will take you to the default configuration page of your web server where you can customize it according to your needs. For example, you can even get your web server to function like an FTP server (but you cannot upload files here, only download them) by using the ‘Aliases’ feature. Set a name for your link and select the directory or drive you wish to be displayed to remote people so that they can download files from your computer.

For example, if you would like to share the files from the folder ‘D:Software’ on your computer and want your guests to access it, just let them type the URL ‘http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/download’.
All you have to do is add the aliases using the virtual and real path names. Other options available are ‘Users and Groups’, ‘Index files’, ‘Directory listing’ ‘Logging’, ‘URL Rewriting’, and more. To know more about what each function can do, just click on the ‘Help’ link located in the top right corner of the configuration web page. You can also see statistics of how many hits you get on your Web page, errors, the amount of data downloaded, etc from the ‘Statistics’ link on the configuration page.

Tip: If you want your friends to access your Webpage using a name for your website, they can do so by tweaking the ‘hosts’ file in Windows—it’s very simple. Let’s take an example here—if you want them to use the name ‘www.abcdxyz.com’ as the website address for your IP address ‘xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx’, all they have to do is add a line ‘xxx.xxx.xxx.xxxwww.abcdxyz.com’ to the end of the page of the ‘hosts’ file
located at ‘C:Windowssystem32driversetc’ by opening it in Notepad. So the next time they type ‘www.abcdxyz.com’ in their browser, your web page will be located and loaded. This happens because whenever they type ‘www.abcdxyz.com’, their system will look up this file first, find the IP address of your machine and directly log on to your web site located at that particular IP address—a mini DNS server located on each individual computer itself.

 

FTP Server

Installation: Building your own FTP server has never been so simple. All you need to do is download a light, 426 KB application called ‘Xlight FTP Server V2.835’ fromhttp://www.xftpserver.com/download and run it directly without installation. It is a portable FTP server which stays running in your system tray when loaded.

Configuring your server: Start the software and click on the ‘New Virtual Server’ icon on the top left corner of the window. Choose the IP address (the network card you want the FTP server to work on) and leave the port number set to ‘21’. Click on ‘OK’ and then right-click on the new server you just made and click on ‘Start Server’.

Your server is now running and waiting for connections. But you need to specify which files can be downloaded by your friends and who can access these files. For this, you will need to first create a use rname and a password for those who will be able to gain access to your FTP server and then define a home path for them to download files from. Click on the ‘User list’ icon and in the page that pops up, click ‘add user’. Here you can add the user names and passwords which they can use when accessing your FTP server.
You may choose ‘anonymous’ username and no password too if you wish, but then everyone will be able to access your FTP server. Then choose the ‘Home Path’ which will be the location from where a user can start downloading files when he logs on.

You may create folders for each user to serve individual files to individual users. Once this is done, your server is ready for use. Use the same principle as the Web server to access the FTP server from the Internet or any intranet. Just type in ‘ftp://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:21’ in the browser or use any FTP client application to access the server.

You can pause, stop or view logs from the control icons in the FTP server window. Choose the server messages from the settings page, choose the IP addresses you need to allow or disallow from logging into your FTP server, or enable disk quotas for each user.

You can also control the speed limit of each user for downloading and set permissions for each user to upload files to your FTP server. Just play around with the settings to finally set the FTP server. Get help on complete details on what each setting can do by clicking on the Help icon. Voila! You have just set up an FTP server of your own.

There are also other free applications available on the Internet that can be similarly used as free web and FTP servers. Well, now that you have installed your very own servers, go ahead and launch your website and FTP server @ home.

thanks to-

www.chip.in

C advanced interview questions and answers

C Program to Print Hello word without using semicolon

C program to print without using semicolen:

(Solved Programs)

thanks to-

www.c4learn.com

Part 1 : Printf Hello word in C without using semicolon [only ones ]

---

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
   if(printf("Hello"))
   {
   }
}

---

Output :

Hello

---

Part 2 : Printf Hello word in C without using semicolon [infinite times]

---

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
   while(printf("Hello"))
   {
   }
}

---

Part 3 : Printf Hello [Using Switch]

---

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
   switch(printf("Hello"))
   {
   }
}

---

Part 4 : Using Else-if Ladder

---

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
   if(printf(""))
      {
      }
   else if (printf("Hello"))
      {
      }
   else
      {
      }
}

---

Part 5 : Printf Hello [Using While and Not]

---

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
    while(!printf("Hello"))
    {
    }
}

---

Part 6 : Using #define

---

#include<stdio.h>
#define PRINT printf("Hello")
void main()
{
    if(PRINT)
    {
    }
}

Create an installation USB for OS X 10.9 (Mavericks)

The official support page for MacOSX Mavericks

Support page of Apple's Mavericks: http://www.apple.com/support/osx/. 

Requirements

Compatible Macs:

• iMac (as from mid 2007 or newer models)
• MacBook (Late 2008, early 2009 or newer models)
• MacBook Pro (Mid/late 2007 or newer models)
• MacBook Air (Late 2008 or newer models)
• Mac mini (Early 2009 or newer models)
• Mac Pro (Early 2008 or newer models)
• Xserve (Early 2009)

The requirements:

• OS X 10.6.8 or later.
• 2 GB of memory
• 8 GB of available space
• Some features require an Apple ID.
• Some features require a compatible Internet package, subscription fees may apply.

Upgrading from a previous version

From OS X Snow Leopard:

• If you have Snow Leopard( 10.6.x), install the latest version of OS X Snow Leopard before downloading Mavericks OS X on the Mac AppStore. Click the Apple icon and choose Software Update to install OS X Snow Leopard 10.6.8.

From OS X Leopard:

• If you want to upgrade form Leopard to Mavericks, you must first install OS X Snow Leopard. You can buy OS X Snow Leopard here:
  • http://store.apple.com/us/product/MC573Z/A/mac-os-x-106-snow-leopard
• Go to the Mac AppStore and click OS X Mavericks. Click on the Download button and then follow the on-screen instructions.

Some recommendations

To smoothly run OS X Mavericks:

• Have at least 4 GB of RAM installed.
• Have an existing iCloud account (Apple ID).
• USB of 8 GB or an external drive.
  • First of all, go to Finder/Preferences/Sidebar/Devices.
  • Make sure that the boxes next to Hard Drives and External Hard Drives are checked.

STEP 1 - Download the Mavericks

• Open App Store.
• Sign-in using your Apple ID.
• Click OS X Mavericks.
• Click on the Download button.
• Wait for the download to be completed (5.3 GB).

Once the download is completed:

• The installation window automatically launches.
• Do not click on "Continue".
• From the menu bar, go to "Install OS X Mavericks / Exit OS X Mavericks installation"
• Navigate to your Applications folder and locate the installation package named as "Install OS X Mavericks"
• Copy the application to an external device.

STEP 2 - Prepare the installation USB

• Insert your blank USB key into a USB port (not on the keyboard, but on the Mac itself).
• Run Disk Utility located in Applications/Utilities...
• On the left of the Disk Utility, select your USB drive.
• On the right side of the window , click the "Partition" button.
• In the "Partition Scheme" section you will see a button named as "Current".
• Pull the "Current" button and choose " 1 Partition".
• Click on the "Options ..." button.
• Choose GUID and press the "OK" button.
• Select the "Mac OS Extended (Journaled)" format.
• Click on the "Apply" button at the bottom right .
• Confirm and wait for the operation to be completed.

At this point the key is ready. 
Now you will need to make hidden system files visible. This can be achieved using a small freeware:iTweaX.

• Start iTweaX.
• Click on the "Tweaks".
• Check the "Show Hidden Files and Folders".
• Click on the "Apply" button.

STEP 3 - Extraction of files

• For more convenience, align the Finder and Disk Utility windows side by side.
• Go to your "Applications" folder.
• Right-click on the "Install OS X Mavericks" application and choose "Show Package Contents".
• In the "Contents" folder, navigate to "SharedSupport" > "InstallESD.dmg".
• Double-click on the disk image to mount it in Finder.
• Wait for the integrity check to be performed.
• Once mounted, you will noticed the presence of another image called as "BaseSystem.dmg" and a file named as "Packages" next to it.
• Right-click it on "BaseSystem.dmg" and choose "Open".
• Wait for the integrity check to be performed.
• At this point we have two disk images mounted in the left column of the Finder:
  • OS X Install ESD
  • OS X Base System
• In the left column of the Finder, drag the "OS X Base System" item at the top of the "Devices".
• Return to the Disk Utility window.
• Click on the "BaseSystem.dmg" line - it is now highlighted in blue.
• Click on the "Restore" button in the right part of the window.
• In "Destination", select the partition of the USB stick - not the physical key itself. This partition is by default named as "Untitled".
• In the "Source" field you shall have "BaseSystem.dmg" and "Destination" area by the name of the partition of the USB drive.
• Click on the "Restore" button in the bottom right of the window.
• Confirm the request by clicking on the Delete button.
• The system will ask for your administrator password.
• Enter your password, click on OK and wait for the process to end.

Step 4 - Finalize the key

• Go to the Finder
• In the left column, eject the "OS X Base System" image, located at the top of the list.

You should have only two disk images mounted at this stage.

• A disk image named OS X Install ESD, created out of the original installation package
• A disk image named OS X Base System, representing the USB key.
• Go back to your USB (OS X Base System)
• Navigate to "System/System/Installation"
• Discard the alias file named as "Packages" and empty the trash.
• Go to the "InstallESD.dmg" disk image.
• Select the "Packages" folder.
• Press the CMD key + C to copy the files
• Return to "OS X Base System/System/Installation"
• Press the CMD key + C to paste the files

Once all these steps are completed, your USB drive is operational.

• You can now eject the two disk images from the Finder again and hide system files via iTweaX .

Note that

There are 2 methods to start a fresh installation of MacOSX:

• Boot the Mac from the USB key (connect the USB key and start your Mac while pressing the Alt key down).
• Go to the menu bar and select the Disk Utility.

The two choices are available:

• We simply delete/ format the standard working partition in Mac OS.
• Create a new partition on the hard drive (GUID).

What's the difference?

• In the first case, any existing backup partition will be preserved.
• In the second case, Mavericks will be installed without any rescue partition.

Thanks to

en.kioskea.net